Indonesian Program Research Articles

Sailing Towards Excellence: Revamping the Education Policy to Foster Maritime Leadership in Indonesia

Abstract
 The maritime sector in Indonesia stands at a crucial juncture, demanding a nuanced understanding of the current state of maritime education, its challenges, and the pathways toward fostering maritime leadership. This research, titled "Sailing Towards Excellence: Revamping the Education Policy to Foster Maritime Leadership in Indonesia," employs qualitative research methods using secondary data to explore these dimensions comprehensively.
 The study begins by examining the current features of maritime education programs in Indonesia and assessing their alignment with the dynamic needs of the maritime industry. It investigates the challenges educational institutions face in delivering quality maritime education and explores their repercussions on the development of maritime leadership. Furthermore, the research delves into industry professionals' perceptions of graduates' preparedness for maritime education programs.
 Identified regulatory barriers within the current education policy are scrutinized to understand their impact on the evolution of maritime education in Indonesia. The research concludes by formulating specific policy recommendations to address the identified gaps and enhance maritime leadership development.
 Keywords: maritime development,maritime education, maritime leadership, policy recommendations

Qualitative Fecal Immunochemical Test as a Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, causing mortality, morbidity, and economic burden. Patient survival differs due to differences in access to health facilities, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Early detection can allow colorectal cancer to be diagnosed at an earlier stage, improving patient outcomes and lowering mortality. Due to the lack of a national screening program in Indonesia, as well as the uneven availability of colonoscopy tools, the fecal immunochemical test has become the preferred screening method. This cross-sectional study aims to validate the application of the fecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer detection. Fecal immunochemical test examination is performed on all patients with suspected colorectal cancer who will undergo a colonoscopy examination at Prof. Hospital dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia. Histopathological examination is used to diagnose colorectal cancer. This study included 78 people with a colorectal cancer prevalence of 40.91%. There were 38(57.6%) subjects with positive fecal immunochemical test results in this study, and 25(65.6%) of them were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the qualitative fecal immunochemical test in detecting colorectal cancer were 92.59%, 66.67%, 65.79%, and 92.86%, respectively. The qualitative fecal immunochemical test has high sensitivity and can be used as an objective and accurate method of screening symptomatic patients with suspected CRC for colonoscopy.

Patients Satisfaction with the Chronic Disease Management Program in Indonesia Using the Importance-Performance Matrix

Patients Satisfaction with the Chronic Disease Management Program in Indonesia Using the Importance-Performance Matrix

Context Analysis of the Implementation of Village Community Development and Empowerment Programs

In the realm of policy implementation, the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (PPMD) in Indonesia is evidence of the state’s commitment to promoting sustainable development and empowerment at the grassroots (village) level. To understand the conditions and challenges in interpreting policies into impactful actions, Grindle’s Policy Implementation Theory offers invaluable insights. According to Grindle, policy context elements include: (a) power, interests, and strategies of actors involved, (b) institution and regime characteristics, and (c) compliance and responsiveness. By applying this theory to the Indonesian scenario, we will gain a deeper understanding of the implementation context of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program.
 Keywords: policy, context of implementation, Village Community Development AndEmpowerment Programe (PPMD)

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization Programs in Indonesia: Taking Rural and Urban Area into Account.

To date, the primary global concern has revolved around addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a growing awareness of the pandemic's secondary impacts on critical aspects of healthcare, such as childhood immunization programs. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood immunization programs in Indonesia, with a specific focus on performance disparities between rural and urban areas. It considers factors like access, utilization, and program workload. Data were collected from primary health cares (PHCs) in two regions in West Java Province, Indonesia, representing rural and urban areas. A descriptive analysis was conducted to compare vaccination coverage, drop-out rates, and the ratio of vaccinators per dose from 2019 to 2021 in 40 and 22 PHCs for rural and urban areas, respectively. A general linear model was employed to evaluate the differences in these parameters over the three consecutive years. The results indicate fluctuations in vaccine coverage over the three years, with the most significant impact observed in 2020, particularly in rural areas. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in routine immunization coverage, drop-out rates, and vaccinator ratios between rural and urban areas from 2019 to 2021 (p<0.05). In 2021, both rural and urban areas displayed significant differences in performance parameters for routine immunization and COVID-19 vaccination (p<0.05), except in terms of coverage for IPV and COVID-19 vaccination. The study highlights a reduction in routine immunization coverage during the pandemic, a concerning issue that increases the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly in rural areas.

Strengthening Naval Diplomacy RI-US in Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance through Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training 2024

This research discusses the joint exercise between the Indonesian Navy, the US Navy, and the US Marines (USMC), namely Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) to carry out Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), littoral warfare, and coastal defence missions. This research uses descriptive qualitative related to Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT). CARAT is implemented bilaterally to enhance the maritime partnership between Indonesia and the US. For Indonesia, building a maritime partnership with the US should focus on bilateral interests as well as regional security. For the US, the CARAT programme in Indonesia can be seen as part of an effort to strengthen its influence in Southeast Asia, including facing China's dominance in the region. Based on the above background, the researcher formulates the problem, namely how to strengthen Indonesia's cooperative relationship with the United States in the face of China's dominance in the Southeast Asian region. Data collection is obtained from literature review by collecting various articles, books, journals, or other sources.   The results of this study indicate that to strengthen Indonesia's cooperative relationship with the United States in the face of China's dominance in the Southeast Asian region, is to increase cooperation in the field of security and defence, through Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training 2024. This will help strengthen Indonesia's defence capacity and also send a signal to China that Indonesia is not easily intimidated. It is also important to continue to build relations with China in a critical but constructive manner, by promoting dialogue and diplomacy to seek points of agreement and achieve stability in the Southeast Asian region as a whole. CARAT activities are an effective strategy in enhancing security stability in the region through maritime defence cooperation. The programme benefits partner countries in building relationships of trust, enhancing defence capabilities and combating maritime threats. To increase the effectiveness of CARAT, it is recommended that partner countries continue to be committed to the programme and maintain good cooperation with the US navy and other countries in the region.

Teachers’ Strategies in ESP Learning Program in Indonesia: A Comparative Study

This research article examines various strategies utilized by English teachers in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) learning programs in Indonesia, focusing on the Social and Science study programs. The study used a qualitative research design to conduct in-depth interviews with 25 English teachers, which aim to investigate and compare the pedagogical approaches used to satisfy the unique linguistic and contextual requirements of these two academic disciplines. Through purposive sampling, English teachers from both Social and Science study programs participate in semi-structured interviews, providing rich insights into their instructional methods. The purpose of the qualitative analysis is to reveal trends, similarities, and differences in the strategies used, providing a detailed understanding of the complexities of ESP teaching methods. The findings reveal illumination on the specific strategies employed by English teachers in the Social and Science study programs, demonstrating how these strategies are shaped by curriculum complexity and the backgrounds of the learners. The comparative study highlights the significance of pedagogical techniques tailored to individual contexts and serves as a basis for making well-informed decisions in curriculum development and teacher training. This study has wider implications for improving English for Specific Purposes (ESP) learning programs in Indonesia and adds to the continuing discussion on effective language teaching. This study also provides helpful recommendations for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers aiming to enhance language learning experiences in ESP environments.

Moral Hazard Versus Adverse Selection On The People’s Business Credit Program In Indonesia

This paper discusses the behavior of providing bank credit to SMEs during the people’s business credit (KUR) program in Indonesia. Since it was launched in 2007, the average NPL for these loans has increased. This indicates the existence of moral hazard behavior in lending by banks. To prove this indication, this paper implements a threshold regression model. Data covers 38 participating banks, which were observed during Q1-2008 to Q2-2021. The results of data analysis show that moral hazard behavior is indicated when NPL below or equal to 5.87%, on the contrary, experienced adverse selection. Specifically, moral hazard behavior is dominant in the case of investment credit and local government- owned banks. In working capital loans and others, this behavior also occurs, but not as in the case of investment loans. Moral hazard and adverse selection behavior were not detected at all in stateowned banks, while in private banks only occurred at a low level. At the end of the analysis, we also consider the shock effects of the global financial crisis (2008), European crisis (2009), and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021) on the threshold regression model, but the results are negative, thus strengthening our previous findings. In general, the factors that significantly determine the risk of non-performing loans in the people’s business credit program are the increase in credit growth, market share, deposit insurance interest rates, and economic growth as well as a decrease in the benchmark interest rate. However, the specifics are different, both in each type of credit and the type of participating bank.

Spirituality-based action competence for sustainability among prospective biology teacher in Indonesia

As a form of implementing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in educational institutions, an appropriate learning model is needed, which also accommodates aspects of spirituality. Before developing a model, baseline data is needed, so a broad-scale or national needs analysis is needed. This research aims to determine the profile of spirituality-based action competence for sustainability (ACS) among prospective biology teacher students throughout Indonesia. This research is a cross-sectional survey. The target respondents are students of LPTK biology education study programs in Indonesia. The target population size is 650 people, so based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, the minimum sample size with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5% is 620 students. The data collection instrument used in this research is the action competence for sustainability instrument based on spirituality (ACSIS). Data on respondent characteristics were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The mean and standard deviation of scores were calculated for each item. Comparisons of two groups of students were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test, while comparisons of more than two groups used the Kruskal-Wallis H Test. We discuss interesting findings in this research, including the aspects of spirituality in ACS among prospective biology teacher in Indonesia.

Cervical cancer screening program in Indonesia: is it time for HPV-DNA tests? Results of a qualitative study exploring the stakeholders’ perspectives

ObjectivesCervical cancer is a significant public health concern in Indonesia, and effective screening methods are necessary to improve the detection and reduce mortality. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of high-level stakeholders involved in cervical cancer screening in Indonesia and whether the use of human papillomavirus-deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV-DNA) methods for cervical cancer screening is acceptable in Indonesian settings.MethodsA qualitative research approach guided by realist evaluation was applied using focus group discussions (FGDs) between December 2021 and February 2022, conducted with stakeholders involved in cervical cancer screening in Indonesia. They were representatives of practitioners and policymakers involved in the screening, and were recruited through purposive recruitment. The data were analysed using inductive approach of thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis of two FGDs with 29 participants identified four main themes: (i) Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) method as the most common modality used for cervical cancer screening, (ii) the applied screening programs in the community, (iii) the perceived challenges on the screening program, such as limitations of the National Health Insurance benefits package and a lack of regulations regarding screening procedures, and (iv) the possibilities of HPV-DNA testing as another modality for cervical cancer screening. Incorporating HPV-DNA testing also needs to ensure the capacity of the workers and the readiness of healthcare facilities.ConclusionAlthough HPV-DNA testing is a promising modality, challenges on the cervical cancer screening in Indonesia remain on the coverage, accessibility of the tools in practice and the women’s awareness towards the screening. Ultimately, the findings of this study would help inform policies to improve cervical cancer screening programs in Indonesia.

Reimagining Democracy: An Exploration of Anies Baswedan's "Desak Anies" Program

Global democracy is at a crossroads, amidst geopolitical turmoil and socioeconomic upheaval. Despite widespread support for democratic principles such as popular sovereignty and civic involvement, their practical implementation is frequently hampered by entrenched power dynamics and vested interests. Anies Baswedan's pioneering "Desak Anies" program in Indonesia takes a novel approach to democratic government, questioning traditional top-down methods and calling for active citizen participation in decision-making processes. This study, based on theoretical frameworks proposed by authors such as Dahl and Rousseau, investigates the Desak Anies initiative's complex impact. The study's qualitative research approaches, which include a literature review and content analysis observations, aim to provide thorough insights into Desak Anies' transformative potential in transforming democratic behaviors. The findings show that Desak Anies had a significant impact on youth empowerment, instilling a sense of agency and political efficacy in young Indonesians. Furthermore, the program has made a substantial contribution to improving community cohesiveness by giving a forum for varied views to be heard and respected. Desak Anies has ushered in a new era of governmental openness, with an emphasis on open data projects and citizen involvement, which promote accountability and trust in government institutions; establishes a new benchmark for democratic renewal and sustainability by leveraging grassroots mobilization and adopting inclusive policies, providing a replicable model for advancing democracy and fostering inclusive government on a global scale.

Occurrence and Prevention of Substance Use Disorder Among Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Residents in Indonesia: A Pilot Study

Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) in the population of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine (ICM) residents have the potential to cause fatal occupational risks. Currently, there are no epidemiological reports regarding the prevalence of SUD among doctors in Indonesia and anaesthesiologists in particular. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia and to recognize the SUD prevention strategy implemented in each teaching hospital. Methods: This was a survey-based observational study using a three-part questionnaire consisting of 20 binary questions, which was pertained to the sociodemographic details, the occurrence and prevention of SUD. Participants were recruited from 16 residency programs with a total of 1 127 active residents registered at the Indonesian College of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. All returned surveys were reviewed and scored by hand. The data were compiled and analyzed with numbers and percentages. Results: Returned surveys from 353 residents yielded a 31.3% response rate. Residents from 13 out of 16 registered residency programs in Indonesia participated in this survey. The occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia was 0.5%. As much as 77.3% of respondents never had toxicological screening. Moreover, 18.2% of respondents were not aware of any routine toxicology screening in their program. Conclusions: The majority of anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia have risk factors for developing SUD. The need for policies, training, education, and SUD prevention strategies must be immediately addressed.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Mahasiswa Melakukan Tindakan Whistleblowing pada Kecurangan Akademik

Whistleblowing is considered one of the effective ways to avoid and detect in revealing cheating in college. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to analyze the complex interaction between three main factors in whistleblowing, namely individual, situational, and organizational factors. This study used primary data through questionnaires obtained from 182 active students from various universities' accounting study programs in Indonesia. This study used data analysis assisted by SPSS 26 software. The findings prove that the factors analyzed in this study have an impact on students' intentions to whistleblowing academic cheating, both collectively and partially. The results of this study prove that the bystander effect does not influence students' choices to whistleblowing academic fraud. When there are more individuals around when fraud occurs, the likelihood of a potential whistleblower discouraging reporting the fraud they witness is higher. While anonymous reporting channels, moral intensity, and trust in leaders positively affect students' intentions to whistleblowing academic fraud.

Large-Scale Evaluation of Indonesian Elite Maize Breeding Lines for Resistance Against Bacterial Stalk Rot Caused by Dickeya zeae

Bacterial stalk rot is one of the important diseases in maize caused by &lt;em&gt;Dickeya zeae&lt;/em&gt;. Infection of this disease can lead to a considerable amount of loss in yield, with up to 98 percent loss of yield. The use of resistant materials is the most effective approach to managing bacterial stalk rot in maize. This study evaluates a large-scale phenotypic screening of 624 maize lines against bacterial stalk rot, divided into two groups based on a heterotic pool. These lines are used in a commercial breeding program in Indonesia. This study develops a stabbing method with a large gauge hypodermic needle, allowing for scalability in delivering inoculum while performing large-scale line evaluation. The result from ANOVA reveals a significant (P&amp;lt;0.05) effect of lines, day after infection, and interaction between day after infection and group. Group two displays fewer resistant lines compared to group one. This work presents a method for large-scale line evaluation for resistance against bacterial stalk rot, where the information obtained can be used in industrial breeding programs for routine material screening during the development of new lines or hybrids and for genomic studies of bacterial stalk rot resistance.

Direct seeding of Ceiba pentandra and Leucaena leucocephala using seed briquette with AMF and DSE inoculations to support a green economy

This research is an alternative technology to support a green economy for environmental sustainability. This paper was performed to reveal the relation between seed briquettes inoculated with the fungi of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in direct seeding of C. pentandra and L. leucocephala seedlings on marginal land in Parungpanjang, Bogor, Indonesia. A randomized block design was used in this research with three blocks and found that seed briquettes with AMF and DSE inoculated have significantly influenced the survival of seedlings of both species 12 months after planting. Direct sowing with seed briquette inoculated with AMF (48%) produced the highest seedling survival in C. pentandra, followed by seed briquette injected with Dendrothyrium sp. CPP1.1.4 (44.5%) in L. leucocephala. In C. pentandra and L. leucocephala, seed briquettes increased seedling survival compared to direct sowing without briquettes. Seedling growth was considerably impacted by AMF and DSE inoculations in L. leucocephala but not in C. pentandra. AMF and DSE can improve the height and diameter of direct-seeded L. leucocephala seedlings. Our research found that using seed briquettes and applying DSE has a high potential for increasing the success of direct seeding in assisting various reforestation programs in Indonesia.

Implementation of Nawa Cita's 5th Agenda in The Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach

ABSTRACT The Healthy Indonesia Program is one of Nawa Cita's 5th agenda programs to improve the quality of life of Indonesian people. PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center in 2022 has not achieved 100% on all indicators, so an assessment of the input, process and output is needed to determine the implementation of PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center as a first step to finding the root cause of the problem. This research was conducted at the Nipah Community Health Center, using a case study approach with descriptive analysis. The data collection method is through observation, document review and FGD with 6 key informants. The results found that the implementation of PIS-PK on input indicators was still not optimal in the aspects of human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and funding. In the process indicator, further intervention has not been implemented in families that are in the unhealthy category and the IKS output indicator is at 0.16 &lt; 0.80, which means it is in the unhealthy category. So it can be concluded that the implementation of PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center has not been carried out optimally. Keywords: Public, Health, Policy  

Motivation, Professionalism, and Language Skills: An Analysis of the PPG Prajabatan Program in Indonesia

PPG Prajabatan asserts its efficacy in conferring benefits upon educators; however, a considerable number of participants express dissatisfaction with the training's effectiveness. The objective of this study is to scrutinize students' perspectives regarding the influence of PPG Prajabatan on motivation, professionalism, and linguistic aptitude. Online surveys and interviews were deployed to elicit comprehensive insights from participants. Findings reveal participants' comprehension of the subject matter, yet their engagement in training and leadership involvement necessitate refinement. The program exhibits constraints in augmenting language proficiency. Activities such as discussions and presentations are empirically proven to be more efficacious than traditional lectures. A critical review of training materials is imperative to ensure sustained participant motivation and self-enhancement. Recommendations advocate for the incorporation of activities fostering both local and foreign language proficiency within the framework of the PPG Prajabatan program.

National health insurance contribution to family planning program funding in Indonesia: A fund flow analysis.

Launched in 2014, Indonesia's national health insurance system (JKN) aimed to provide universal health coverage, including contraceptive services, to its population. We aim to evaluate the contribution of JKN to the overall spending for the family planning program in Indonesia. Data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey, Survey on Financial Flows for Family Planning, Indonesia Motion Tracker Matrix, World Population Prospect, and Indonesian ministries' budget accountability reports were entered into the CastCost Contraceptive Projection Tool to define budgetary allocation and spending for the family planning program at the national level in 2019. Indonesia's family planning program in 2019 was financed mostly by the national budget (64.0%) and out-of-pocket payments (34.6%). There were three main ministries responsible for family planning financing: the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) (35.8%), the Ministry of Finance (26.2%), and the Ministry of Health (2.0%). Overall, JKN contributed less than 0.4% of the funding for family planning services in Indonesia in 2019. The majority of family planning spending was by public facilities (57.3%) as opposed to private facilities (28.6%). JKN's contribution to funding Indonesia's family planning programs in 2019 was low and highlights a huge opportunity to expand these contributions. A coordinated effort should be conducted to identify possible opportunities to realign BKKBN and JKN roles in the family planning programs and lift barriers to accessing family planning services in public and private facilities. This includes a concerted effort to improve integration of private family planning providers into the JKN program.

An exploration of the Indonesian lay mental health workers’ (cadres) experiences in performing their roles in community mental health services: a qualitative study

BackgroundVolunteers trained to support community mental health programs in Indonesia are known as ‘mental health cadres.’ These are lay people trained to provide basic support for people with mental illness in their local communities. The role of cadres in community mental health services is to provide health promotion activities and support for people with mental illness, such as home visits and family assistance. Their contribution can potentially address the challenges health services currently face in remote and resource-limited settings. However, little is currently known about implementing this form of the lay workforce and the experiences of mental health cadres in Indonesia in particular. This study aimed to explore the experience of cadres when performing their roles in community mental health services in Indonesia from the cadres’ perspective.MethodsThe study employed a descriptive qualitative design. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit cadres with at least one year of experience handling those diagnosed with schizophrenia across four geographical areas in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were collected utilising focus groups undertaken between July and November 2020. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, eight focus group sessions for mental health cadres were carried out virtually via Zoom and non-virtual, facilitated by local moderators. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe study involved 71 cadres in four regions: Aceh, Jakarta, West Java and East Java. The majority of participants were looking after their families with a minimum of high school-level qualifications. Four themes were interpreted from the data: (1) Motivation for volunteering, (2) The role of cadres in supporting mental health services, (3) Training and support needs in carrying out cadre roles, and (4) Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of cadre roles in local communities.ConclusionsCadres reported a motivation to help people improve their mental health and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. Cadres also contributed to secondary and primary prevention of mental illness with some limitations. This study’s results are relevant to those wishing to understand and optimise the implementation of lay workforces in resource-limited settings.

An improved agricultural household margin insurance scheme with insured–insurer risk protection: a time-varying copula approach

Agricultural household margin insurance (AHMI) is a crop insurance scheme that considers a farmer's trading capability. The scheme examines farmers' losses in terms of both agricultural input and output using the farmer exchange rate index. In this article, we improve the previous design of the AHMI [A. Ahdika, D. Rosadi, A.R. Effendie, and Gunardi, Household margin insurance of agricultural sector in Indonesia using a farmer exchange rate index, Agric. Finance Rev. 81 (2020), pp. 169–188.] proposed to be implemented in Indonesia – which only provided risk protection for companies – by broadening the formula of losses so that risk protection covers both farmers and companies. We also provide premium payment scenarios, both seasonally and non-seasonally. We employ a time-varying Student-t copula with the extended dynamic parameter to identify the dynamic dependency between the indexes involved in determining the loss variable. We also determine the premium rate for the insurance scheme with various payment scenarios and investigate the implications for farmer survival and company management. Examining the farmer exchange rate index data of Indonesia, the empirical results show that the improved AHMI using a time-varying copula approach produces more reasonable loss estimates and various premium payment options with low premium rates for farmers, compared to either the previous AHMI design or the current crop insurance program in Indonesia.